Cities across the U.S. are reimagining what their downtowns could be, and Minneapolis and St. Paul are no exception. With so many office buildings now empty due to shifting work patterns, local leaders, developers, and city planners are promoting an idea known as “office-to-residential conversions.” This approach aims to transform unused office buildings into apartments, breathing new life into these areas. But while the concept has sparked hope, it has proven to be a complex and costly process, posing several challenges.
Why Converting Office Spaces Matters
Downtown areas in Minneapolis and St. Paul have seen a decline in foot traffic since more companies adopted remote and hybrid work models during the pandemic. Office buildings that were once bustling with workers are now sitting empty, and the surrounding areas lack the energy they once had. Conversion projects are seen as a way to address this problem by turning these unused spaces into homes.
The benefits of these conversions are multiple. More housing downtown means more people living there, which increases demand for local shops, restaurants, and services, thus revitalizing the entire area. Moreover, by reducing vacant office space and creating new residential options, these projects address both the housing shortage and the issue of unused commercial real estate. City leaders view these conversions as an opportunity to reshape downtown communities into lively, mixed-use communities.
Overcoming the Financial and Structural Hurdles
While office-to-residential conversions offer many advantages, they are far from easy to accomplish. First, the cost of converting a building from office space to residential use is substantial. Construction expenses are high, especially when factoring in the changes needed to meet residential standards, like adding bathrooms, kitchens, and other necessary facilities. Additionally, modern office buildings, often designed with larger floor spaces and fixed windows, pose unique challenges. Unlike older buildings with smaller, flexible floor plans, these modern designs make it more challenging to create enough windows and natural light for a comfortable living space.
Historically, developers have been able to use historic tax credits to help offset the costs of conversions, especially for older buildings. However, the rising costs of materials and labor, combined with higher interest rates, have made these credits less impactful. As a result, developers and city officials are working together to find ways to make these projects financially viable, including looking at new funding methods and incentives.
Meeting the Need for Affordable Housing in Minneapolis
Creating more housing downtown is essential, but city leaders and developers understand that not all of this housing should be high-end. In recent years, the apartment vacancy rate downtown has risen, so building an excess of luxury apartments may not be sustainable. To address this, many projects are focusing on providing more affordable housing options. This approach aims to attract a diverse population of residents, including service workers, students, and retirees who may find it challenging to afford high rents.
By offering affordable options, these conversions can meet the needs of those who work downtown or rely on public transit and may not want—or be able—to pay for high-end apartments. Some recent projects have even prioritized housing for individuals who have experienced homelessness, providing not only shelter but also access to support services to help these individuals thrive.
Support from Local and State Governments
Recognizing the potential of these conversions, both Minneapolis and St. Paul are actively supporting the movement. City officials have introduced new measures to reduce the time and cost involved in these projects. For instance, Minneapolis recently passed a law waiving the city’s inclusionary zoning requirement for office-to-residential conversions, making it easier for developers to move forward. In addition, St. Paul has included funds in its budget to help cover permitting and other fees for conversion projects, signaling strong support for these efforts.
Beyond the city level, advocates are pushing for state tax credits that could further reduce the cost burden on developers. A proposed five-year tax credit program would cover up to 30% of qualified project expenses for converting underutilized or vacant buildings. Although this proposal has not yet passed, it has garnered support and could play a crucial role in future conversion projects.
A Vision for a Mixed-Use, Vibrant Downtown Minneapolis
In the past, downtown areas were often segmented by purpose: business districts, entertainment areas, and retail zones each existed separately. However, the current vision for Minneapolis and St. Paul’s downtowns involves blending these areas to create a more dynamic, 24/7 neighborhood where people can live, work, and play. Successful examples of this mixed-use approach can already be seen in areas like Minneapolis’ North Loop and St. Paul’s Lowertown, where former warehouses have been turned into trendy apartments, attracting new residents, shops, and restaurants.
For the larger, high-rise office buildings that dominate the heart of downtown, conversions will require even more innovation and investment. Yet leaders believe that by adding residential space, creating walkable areas, and blending entertainment, retail, and housing options, they can create vibrant downtown cores that draw a diverse range of people.
Creating a Path Forward for Downtown’s Future
While the vision for a reinvigorated downtown is clear, making it a reality requires substantial coordination and support. Nonprofits and coalitions are working behind the scenes to study which buildings are best suited for conversion and to help educate property owners on the potential benefits of these projects. For example, the nonprofit St. Paul Downtown Alliance has commissioned studies on 20 downtown buildings to determine their suitability for conversion, while a new group called CityShift is working to provide developers with a blueprint for how to carry out these transformations.
CityShift, made up of architects, consultants, and market analysts, serves as a one-stop resource for anyone interested in learning more about conversions. By providing insight into the financial, structural, and market aspects of these projects, the group aims to attract more investors to consider office-to-residential conversions as a valuable and realistic option.
The hope is that with a mix of public incentives, private investments, and careful planning, Minneapolis and St. Paul can create thriving downtown neighborhoods that attract new residents and foster a vibrant community. Though there are challenges, the potential rewards are significant, and the movement toward creating a new, blended-use downtown is already underway.
Leaders acknowledge that transforming these large, empty buildings will take time, creativity, and flexibility. But with the right support, they believe that a new era is on the horizon for the Twin Cities’ downtowns, one that could revitalize these areas and make them once again the bustling hearts of Minneapolis and St. Paul.
